Representation Of Ethnicity

Within racial representation, there are four key themes. These are:

• Exotic or "Other"
• Dangerous
• Humorous
• Pitied

Examples of how the following ethnic groups are represented in TV Drama (British or American):

Black

BLACK STEREOTYPES:

• Gangster
• Fun loving
• Athletic
• Criminal
• Involved in drugs
• Hospitable (friendly)

Bonnie Bennett - The Vampire Diaries

Bonnie Bennett would be seen as representing the stereotypical black character within the TV Drama "The Vampire Diaries", as she is seen as a very 'fun loving' character who is constantly around her friends enjoying her time as another teenage girl at high school. She is also very 'athletic' as she is a part of the cheerleading squad for her school. However, one way that she would be seen representing the atypical character, is the fact that she is one of the 'protagonists' within the show, proving that she isn't seen as a 'criminal'.

John Luther - Luther

Luther is represented atypically, rather than stereotypically, as he is represented through his TV Drama "Luther" as a very 'helpful' character. He is also seen as the main 'protagonist' of the show, rather than the stereotypical 'dangerous' black character, showing that he isn't considered a 'criminal' at all. 

Curtis Donovan - Misfits

Curtis Donovan would be seen as representing a stereotypical black character within his TV Drama "Misfits", as he is a character that is 'involved with drugs', who is arrested for being caught possessing cocaine. He was also a very 'athletic' character before being arrested with the drugs. 

White

WHITE STEREOTYPES:

• Educated
• Affluent
• Socially awkward
• Rational
• Arrogant

Clara Oswald - Doctor Who

Clara Oswald is seen to be represented as a very stereotypical white character within the TV Drama "Doctor Who". She is very well 'educated', as she assists the doctor on all of his missions, and has the privileged occupation of being a teacher. She is also seen as a very 'rational' character, as she comes across as a natural leader and likes to be in control. However, one way that she would be seen representing an atypical white character is the fact that she comes across as being the complete opposite to being a 'socially awkward' character, as she captures the minds and hearts of anyone who will allow her to do so. Also, based on audience interpretation, one could argue that Clara could be seen as both 'arrogant' and not 'arrogant', due to the fact that some will take her love of being control and her assuredness as an 'arrogant' trait, but some will not.

Blair Waldorf - Gossip Girl

Blair Waldorf would be seen as the stereotypical white character within her TV Drama "Gossip Girl", as she is seen as a very well 'educated' character, who is currently trying to get her way into Yale. She can also be seen as a very 'arrogant' character, as she is very self-centered and narcissistic, and because she thinks of herself in a very high manner, by always addressing people through their errors by stating that she is the one and only "Blair Waldorf". One way that she would be seen as an atypical white character however, is the idea that she is not considered to be a 'socially awkward' person, as she is seen as quite a socialite, unless she is around poorer people, then this trait could be questioned upon. 

Francis Underwood - House of Cards



Francis Underwood would be seen as representing the stereotypical white character within the TV Drama "House of Cards", as he is seen to be very well 'educated' through his occupation of being a member of the South Carolina State Senate. However, it could be argued that he is also representing the atypical white character, as he is seen as being the complete opposite of a 'socially awkward' character, as he is presented being a main 'antihero', with many 'manipulative', conniving' aspects to his personality.

East-Asian

EAST-ASIAN STEREOTYPES:

• Intelligent
• Martial arts
• Hard working
• Determined
• Love of technology
• Lacking emotion

Glenn Rhee - The Walking Dead

Glenn Rhee can be seen as a stereotypical East-Asian character within his TV Drama "The Walking Dead", as he is seen to be a character who is 'intelligent', extremely 'determined', and also very 'hard working', because he is one of the strongest characters within the entire show. One way that he could be seen as being represented atypically however, is that he is show to feel a lot of 'emotion' throughout the loss of a lot of his friends, and also his loving relationship that he maintains with his wife.

William Kim - Prison Break

William Kim is represented as the stereotypical East-Asian character, as he appears to 'lack a lot of emotion', due to the fact that he is seen as one of the 'antagonists' within the TV Drama "Prison Break". Kim is also seen to be 'intelligent' as well as a 'hard working' character, because he will do whatever he can to try and catch both Michael and Lincoln.

Nelly Yuki - Gossip Girl

Nelly Yuki is represented as a stereotypical East-Asian character within the TV Drama "Gossip Girl", as she is seen to be a very 'intelligent' character, due to the fact that she is the smartest out of everybody within her class. She's also very 'hard working' and 'determined' due to the fact that she wants to get into Yale university. Even though she is represented stereotypically in these aspects, she can also be seen to be atypical to the role of an East-Asian character in TV Drama, as she is a very 'emotional' character, which could be seen more of a teenage girl stereotype instead. 

South-Asian

SOUTH-ASIAN STEREOTYPES: 

• Glamorous
• Educated
• Very religious
• Criminal/Brutal
• Villains

Meera Malik - The Blacklist

Meera Malik is represented stereotypically through her TV Drama "The Blacklist", as she is well 'educated', due to the fact that she is one of the researches within the operations. One way that she could be represented as atypically however, is that she is a seen as a 'protagonist' within the show, proving that she isn't a 'criminal' at all. She also isn't very 'religious', and wouldn't really be considered as the stereotypical sort of 'glamorous' woman that you'd expect, as she is classed more of a tom boy, even though she is seen as a very attractive character. 

Aayan Ibrahim - Homeland

Aayan Ibrahim is represented as a stereotypical South-Asian character within his TV Drama "Homeland", as he is well 'educated' due to the fact that he is a medical student. However, one way that he could also be seen as being represented atypically, is that he isn't seen as a very 'glamorous' character, plus the fact that he tries to stay out of the spotlight through multiple occasions, showing that he isn't very 'criminal like'.

Sayid Jarrah - Lost

Sayid Jarrah is seen to be represented as a stereotypical South-Asian character within his TV Drama "Lost", as he is classed as a 'criminal type' character, due to the fact that he becomes a hit-man as the show progresses. One way that he could also be represented atypically however, is that he isn't seen as a very 'glamorous' character, because he's stranded on a desert island with the rest of the characters, and despite committing some criminal acts whilst he's there, he also shows a lot of love to another character: Nadia.

BFI - Cultural Test For Film - Criteria

A: Cultural Content

A1 Film set in the UK or EEA - /4

A2 Lead characters British or EEA citizens or residents - /4

A3 Film based on British or EEA subject matter or underlying material - /4

A4 Original dialogue recorded mainly in English or UK indigenous language or EEA language - /6

TOTAL SECTION A - /18

B: Cultural Contribution

The film demonstrates British creativity, British heritage and/or diversity - /4

TOTAL SECTION B - /4

C: Cultural Hubs

C1 (a) At least 50% of the principal photography or SFX takes place in the UK - /2

(b) At least 50% of the VFX takes place in the UK - /2

C2 Music Recording/Audio Post Production/Picture Post Production - /1

TOTAL SECTION B - /5

D: Cultural Practitioners (UK or EEA Citizens or Residents)

D1 Director - /1

D2 Scriptwriter - /1

D3 Producer - /1

D4 Composer - /1

D5 Lead Actors - /1

D6 Majority of Cast - /1

D7 Key Staff (lead cinematographer, lead production designer, lead costume designer, lead editor, lead sound designer, lead visual effects supervisor, lead hair and makeup supervisor) - /1

D8 Majority of Crew - /1

TOTAL SECTION D - /8

TOTAL /35

British Film Industry

Who Does What In The British Film Industry?

An independent, non-governmental body which classifies and censors film, video as well as computer and console-based games released in the UK.

Promotes understanding and appreciation of Britain's rich film and television heritage and culture.

Government backed lead agency for film in the UK ensuring that the economic, cultural and educational aspects of film are effectively represented at home and abroad.

Aims to support, develop and promote the art forms of the moving image.

The official UK agency for international cultural relations. Its Film Department promotes new British films (features and shorts), internationally principally through festivals and showcases. Portal site britfilms.com

Main British Production Companies

5 Recent Films From These Companies

Film4

1. The Lobster
2. Slow West
3. Macbeth
4. Mr. Turner
5. Ex Machina

Entertainment One

1. The Last Witch Hunter
2. Nativity 3
3. Stung
4. Mr Holmes
5. Miss You Already

Pathe!

1. Selma
2. Beauty and the Beast
3. The Great Beauty
4. Philomena
5. Slumdog Millionaire

Warp Films

1. The Stone Roses: Made of Stone
2. '71
3. Four Lions
4. Submarine
5. Tyrannosaur

Big Talk Productions

1. The World's End
2. Hot Fuzz
3. Scott Pilgrim vs. The World
4. In Fear
5. Cuban Fury

Working Title

1. Everest
2. Bridget Jones's Diary
3. Love Actually
4. We Are Your Friends
5. Les Miserables

BRITISH VS. AMERICAN

British films can claim 25% tax relief from the government. This means the first 25% of any profit you make cannot be taxed!
To qualify as "British", a film needs to score 18/35 on the Cultural Test for Film.

THIS IS THE SCOREBOARD FOR THE CULTURAL TEST FOR FILM.

My Score For:

Ex Machina (featuring the cultural test criteria for example) -

A: Cultural Content

A1 Film set in the UK or EEA - 4/4 (NORWAY)

A2 Lead characters British or EEA citizens or residents - ¾ (SCOTTISH, SWEDISH AND GUATEMALEN)

A3 Film based on British or EEA subject matter or underlying material - ¼ (SUBJECT MATTER AROUND ROBOTS AND TESTING)

A4 Original dialogue recorded mainly in English or UK indigenous language or EEA language - 6/6 (RECORDED IN ENGLISH)

TOTAL SECTION A - 14/18

B: Cultural Contribution

The film demonstrates British creativity, British heritage and/or diversity - 2/4 (DEMONSTRATES BRITISH DIVERSITY SLIGHTLY)

TOTAL SECTION B - 2/4 

C: Cultural Hubs

C1 (a) At least 50% of the principal photography or SFX takes place in the UK - 2/2 (TAKES PLACE IN LONDON)

(b) At least 50% of the VFX takes place in the UK - 2/2 (TAKES PLACE IN LONDON)

C2 Music Recording/Audio Post Production/Picture Post Production - 1/1 (TAKES PLACE IN THE UK)

TOTAL SECTION B - 5/5

D: Cultural Practitioners (UK or EEA Citizens or Residents)

D1 Director - 1/1 (ENGLISH

D2 Scriptwriter - 1/1 (ENGLISH)

D3 Producer - 1/1 (SCOTTISH)

D4 Composer - 1/1 (BRITISH)

D5 Lead Actors - 1/1 (SWEDISH/SCOTTISH)

D6 Majority of Cast - 1/1 (ONLY REALLY FOCUSES AROUND 3 CHARACTERS, 2 OF WHICH ARE UK/EEA CITIZENS/RESIDENTS)

D7 Key Staff (lead cinematographer, lead production designer, lead costume designer, lead editor, lead sound designer, lead visual effects supervisor, lead hair and makeup supervisor) - 1/1 (MAINLY BRITISH)

D8 Majority of Crew - 1/1 (MAINLY BRITISH)

TOTAL SECTION D - 8/8

TOTAL SCORE - 29/35 - QUALIFIED AS A BRITISH FILM

Avengers: Age of Ultron - 

TOTAL SCORE - 12/35 - NOT QUALIFIED AS A BRITISH FILM (UK filming, but American casting and producing)

Mad Max: Fury Road - 100 Facts

1. The Iraq war meant that filming had to be delayed in Namibia.
2. The film was supposed to be an animated 3D film, but developed into a 3D live action movie.
3. Filming was delayed twice.
4. The filming first concluded in 2001.
5. In 2013, they had to go back and film additional scenes.
6. In 2003, Warner Bros panicked and insisted that someone write a script for the film.
7. In 2010, stars signed up to be in the film.
8. The film was originally going to be filmed at Broken Hill, but moved to Namibia after consistent heavy rainfall occurred. 
9. $7.5 million was spent on 957 national airings across 42 networks led by MTV and Comedy Central.
10. Crew spent 10 months in Namibia to film.
11. Over 80% of the effects seen in the film are real practical effects, stunts, make-up and sets.
12. CGI was used sparingly mainly to enhance the Namibian landscape, remove stunt rigging and for Charlize Theron's left hand which in the film is a prosthetic arm. 
13. The flame-shooting guitarist in the film is Australian artist/musician Sean Hape, better known as Iota.
14. The guitar that Iota used in the film weighed 132 pounds, and shot real gas-powered flames, which was controlled using the whammy bar.
15. The film editor, Margaret Sixel, is director George Miller's wife.
16. The jacket worn by Tom Hardy is a replica of the one that was worn by Mel Gibson in the second two movies of the original Mad Max trilogy.
17. The film's storyboard was made even before the screenplay.
18. This is the second Mad Max film to have featured Hugh Keays-Byrne. He played the villain Toecutter in Mad Max (1979).
19. Charlize Theron reportedly shaved her head for the role of Furiosa and as a result had to wear a wig for her role in A Million Ways To Die In The West (2014.)
20. Tom Hardy suffered a broken nose during filming when Charlize Theron accidentally elbowed him.
21. Tom Hardy had lunch with Mel Gibson to discuss him taking over the iconic role of Max Rockatansky. Gibson told Hardy that he was fine with the role and gave him his blessing. 
22. Margaret Sixel had 480 hours of footage to edit; watching it took three months.
23. Mel Gibson was originally intended to star again as Max back in 2003, but because George Miller ran into problems with shooting locations, and Gibson's interest in The Passion Of The Christ (2004), it never happened.
24. The music box that was given to the Feral Kid in Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior, was resembled by the music box that was given to one of the wives in Fury Road. 
25. John Seale came out of retirement to head the film's cinematography.
26. A comic book series showing how Immortan Joe came to power is being published by Vertigo.
27. The gesture made by the war boys when they mesh their fingers together is the sign of the V8; they literally revere and worship the power of the engine. It may also be viewed as a reference to Valhalla.
28. Many characters' names are never said in full or at all onscreen and are only provided in the credits at the end of the film. 
29. Max and the main antagonist, Immortan Joe, never directly interact with each other, apart from when Max hijacks the People Eater's Limousine. They exchange gunshots during the takeover.
30. George Miller told cinematographer John Seale to keep the main actor centered in the screen so that the viewer's eye did not have to search the screen due to the film's fast editing style.
31. There is a fan theory that Mad Max in this film is actually the Feral Kid from the second film, Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior (1981). However, a Vertigo comic miniseries cowritten by George Miller establishes that Hardy's Max is the same character as Gibson's Max.
32. The film used three identical War Rigs, the large main truck in the film. They were based on a Czechoslovakian all-wheel drive military vehicle. 
33. The script contains almost no profanities. 
34. In the German-dubbed version seen in Germany, as in the original English version, the Buzzards speak Russian. In the Russian-dubbed version seen in Russia, they speak German. This way, they sound foreign and evil to everyone. 
35. When Max is tied to the front of Nux's car, there is a skull with a pilot's cap and goggles on a spike above him. This is a reference to the Gyro Captain, who appeared in Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior. 
36. Riley Keough, the actress who plays the red-haired bride, Capable, is daughter of Lisa Marie Presley and grand-daughter of Elvis Presley.
37. Writer and feminist Eve Ensler (The Vagina Monologues) was consulted to enhance the portrayal of female characters.
38. The "crows" on stilts are the boys abandoned by the Vuvalini when the green place turned sour.
39. George Miller directed the entire Mad Max action franchise, noted for its violence. Ironically, he is also director of three family friendly movies: the second of the Babe movies, and both Happy Feet movies.
40. Night scenes were filmed in bright daylight, deliberately overexposed, and colour-manipulated. In many shots, the sky was digitally replaced with more detailed or interesting skies.
41. Rosie Huntington-Whiteley remarked that the cast and crew fraternized a lot after work during the shoot since they were all residing in a small Namibia town (the nearest to the desert) without any tourist attractions or fine dining.
42. Near the end of the credits, there is a memorial dedication that reads "Lance Allen Moore II, May 24, 1987 - March 10, 2015". Moore was a Mad Max fan killed in a motorcycle accident near Silverton, New South Wales, Australia, where Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior was filmed.
43. Several vehicles in the film, including the War Rig, were left-hand drive.
44. Charlize Theron and Tom Hardy reportedly did not get along during filming, with Hardy's method acting reportedly bothering Theron.
45. At the final vehicle battle, one of the Immortan Joe's henchmen scares Furiosa, before attacking her, with the exact same hiss as the Toecutter in Mad Max 1.
46. This is George Miller's first R-rated movie since The Witches of Eastwick (1987).
47. This is the first Mad Max film to have been made since Beyond Thunderdome, a gap of thirty years in between the two films. 
48. The paracord bracelet that Max wears belongs to Tom Hardy himself. 
49. Nicholas Hoult learnt how to knit from a makeup artist during the seven-month shoot in Namibia.
50. With a runtime of two hours, this is the longest film in the Mad Max series. 
51. The character Toast the Knowing is named after visual effects crew member Shyam V. Yadav, who is known for serving free French toast to thousands of people all over the world.
52. Toast the Knowing was played by Zoe Kravitz, the daughter of famous musician Lennie Kravitz.
53. Actors were digitally duplicated in post production to expand the crowd scenes so in reality only a few actors were actually needed on set during filming. 
54. During the flashback sequence after going through the crows, you can see eyes popping out briefly. This is an homage to Mad Max, when a rider crashes into the front of a semi.
55. An R-rated version and a PG-13 version were both made of the film. Warner Bros had decided to make the film R-rated after test screenings. 
56. Tom Hardy had a dog named Max that was given to him when he was a teenager, he passed away in 2011. The dog's name was an honor to Mad Max.
57. Second unit director and supervising stunt coordinator Guy Norris was in charge of over 150 stunt performers, which included Cirque du Soleil performers and Olympic athletes. 
58. Megan Gale, who plays The Valkyrie, was previously cast as Wonder Woman in George Miller's film Justice League: Mortal before it was cancelled. This is her first Hollywood film.
59. When Max awakes abruptly from his dream right after the blue sequence, the last image of his dream is a close view of eyes popping out of a face. This footage is from Mad Max 1, when Toecutter is killed.
60. Certain screenings have shown the film in black and white. The crossed belts that the Valkyrie, played by Megan Gale, wears are the same belts Max wore in Mad Max: Beyond Thunderdome. The brass belt buckle has been covered or replaced.
61. The girl who Max sees in his visions, commonly believed to be his daughter, is in fact Glory the Child, who can be seen in the comic series. 
62. George Miller described the film as "a very simple allegory, almost a western on wheels."
63. Teresa Palmer was originally cast but due to delays of the production, she dropped out and was replaced by Abbey Lee.
64. Australian crows or ravens are used in the Mad Max films, including Fury Road, as symbols of death and destruction.
65. Despite having custom logos starting the film, Warner Bros. Pictures and Village Roadshow Pictures (and RatPac-Dune Entertainment) aren't credited until the very end of the movie, after all other credits have rolled.
66. Amid claims of the film going over-budget and behind schedule, Warner Bros. then sent a produce to oversee production in Namibia.
67. George Miller is the first creator of a film franchise to reboot his own franchise.
68. Although Max never gives his exact nickname to the audience, he refers to himself with similar words like "insane" or "crazy".
69. The film contains about 2,700 cuts of its entire running length, which is equivalent to 22.5 cuts per minute compared to Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior's 1,200 cuts of its 90 minute running time equivalent to 13.33 cuts per minute.
70. Filming lasted 120 days, and the film runs at 113 minutes without credits. So, it could be said that each day equals about a minute of the film.
71. Since Immortan Joe wears a full breathing mask in all of his scenes, no part of his face below his eyes is ever seen.
72. The cast and crew had to endure extreme heat while filming in Namibia.
73. This is the first Mad Max film to be released in 3D.
74. Out of Control of Man With a Mission Feat. Zebrahead is used in the Japanese version of the ending song.
75. Weta Digital was originally involved with the film when it was scheduled for a 2012 release.
76. Fans of the popular British tabletop game Warhammer 40,000 noted that Immortan Joe and his army bore a number of uncanny similarities to Ork war band in the game. 
77. Max's sawed-off shotgun misfires when he tries to shoot off Nux's wrist, as it did in Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior. 
78. The movie was originally planned as a sequel to Mad Max and a prequel to Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior. It is believed that Immortan Joe would've been the Toe Cutter, who survived the accident in Mad Max but was badly injured, resulting in his body being battered and broken.
79. When engine #1 of the War Rig breaks down during the final chase to The Citadel, the sound it makes is the same sound the Millennium Falcon makes when it breaks down in Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back.
80. This is the only film in the Mad Max series where the last road battle doesn't end in a head-on collision between two vehicles and a main antagonist is killed in the process.
81. With the exception of Max and Nux, all of the film's male characters are villains. Conversely, all of the female characters are good.
82. After the War Rig is driven off the platform and the platform begins to rise as it is drawn back up into The Citadel, a lone woman can be seen standing in the center. In the previous wide-angle shot of the crowd, The Wretched were shown begging for a place in Immortan Joe's coterie. This woman, played by Debra Ades, was likely brought aboard to be used as a milker or breeder.
83. In the last scene of the movie, Furiosa's eye is swollen shut as a result of injury, the same as Max's is at the end of Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior.
84. In a likely reference, Nux crashes the War Rig in the same way the tanker crashes at the end of Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior.
85. Body count: 114.
86. When Max asks Nux if he's a "blackthumb" and can fix enging #1 while they are on the War Rig may be a reference to the character Blackfinger from Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome, who is the chief mechanic in Bartertown.
87. A deleted scene shows Miss Giddy's fate; she is left with Angharad's body, and attacked by crows (the crows were never added).
88. In one of the scenes the War Rig has a collision with a black Mack tractor unit. The same style of Mack tractor unit was featured in Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior to pull the fuel tanker trailer.
89. The blood-bag information tattoo on Max's back contains a description of his capture: "Lone Road Warrior Rundown on The Powder Lakes V8". Calling him a "Road Warrior" is a reference to the second film, Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior.
90. After Max searches Furiosa's cab for weapons and leaves with all her guns, Furiosa reveals a hidden knife sheathed in her gear shift. In Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome, Max is disarmed before entering Bartertown, but hides a knife sheathed in a fly swatter.
91. Max's first and last lines revolve around him telling somebody what his name is. The first time he tells the audience in a voice over. The second time he tells Furiosa while giving her his blood.
92. Immortan Joe wears a face mask for medical purposes, which is functionally similar to the mask worn by Tom Hardy when he portrayed Bane in The Dark Knight Rises. In both films, each character is defeated by the hero damaging or destroying the mask.
93. Charlize Theron will not return as Imperator Furiosa for Mad Max: The Wasteland. The Mad Max films are influenced by the western genre and like the mysterious gunfighter, Max leaves and moves on to an entirely new adventure.
94. Max's 1973 Ford Falcon XB GT V8 Pursuit Special (aka The Interceptor), seen in the first two films Mad Max and Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior, is seen in this film as well. Its appearance is indentical to its battered state seen in the second film. 
95. The portion of the blood-bag information tattoo being painfully needled into Max's back at The Citadel that was completed before he escapes reads: Day 12045, ht 10 hands, 180 lbs, No Name, No Lumps, No Bumps, Full Life Clear, Two Good Eyes, No Busted Limbs, Piss Ok, Genitals Intact, Multiple Scars, Heals Fast, O-Negative, High-Octane, Universal Donar, Lone Road Warrior Rundown on The Powder Lakes V8, No Guzzoline, No Supplies, Isolate Psychotic, Keep Muzzled.
96. If George Miller's Justice League movie had gone ahead, we'd have seen Megan Gale as a warrior long before she shows up in Fury Road as The Valkyrie. 
97. In later scenes, Max appears to be wearing a South African M-83 load bearing vest.
98. Keeping in line with the previous incarnations, Max barely speaks in the film. This excludes his narration at the beginning.
99. First Mad Max film to not star Mel Gibson as Max. It was originally rumored that he would have a cameo role as a drifter.
100. John Powell was set to compose the soundtrack.

Representation of Disability: Stereotypes and Examples

As a sinister or evil: Jaws - James Bond



Non-Sexual: Artie Abrams - Glee



Laughable: Suzanne Warren AKA "Crazy Eyes" - Orange Is The New Black



Being unable to participate in daily life: Rae - My Mad Fat Diary

Stereotypes of Disability

The stereotypes:

In his 1991 study, Paul Hunt found that there are 10 stereotypes of disabled people, used in the media:

1. The disabled person as pitiable or pathetic
2. An object of curiosity or violence
3. Sinister or evil
4. The super cripple
5. As atmosphere
6. Laughable
7. His/her own worst enemy
8. As a burden
9. As Non-sexual
10. Being unable to participate in daily life

Sound

Diegetic

Sound is called diegetic when its source is visible or implied in the world of the film.

Non-Diegetic

Sound is said to be non-diegetic when its source is not present or implied in the narrative universe.

 

Synchronous

Synchronous sound is sound that is matched to certain movements occurring in the scene.

 

Asynchronous

Asynchronous sounds match the action being performed however is not precisely synchronised with the action.

Sound Effects

Sound effects are a sound other than speech or music made artificially for use in a play, film, or other broadcast production.

 

Sound Motif

Sound motif. A sound effect or combination of sound effects that are associated with a particular character, setting, situation or idea through the film. The sound motifs condition the audience emotionally for the intervention, arrival, or actions of a particular character.

A dominant or recurring theme/sound.

Sound Bridge

A sound bridge is a sound that occurs within one scene, and then continues through the transition of the scene ending and then turning into another scene. 

 

Dialogue

Dialogue is a conversation between two or more people.

Voiceover

A voiceover is a piece of narration in a film or broadcast, not accompanied by an image of the speaker.

Direct Address

Direct address is where the character breaks the fourth wall, by addressing the audience and the camera directly, by looking and talking right to it.

 

Sound Perspective

Sound perspective is where a sound's position in space as perceived by the viewer is given by its volume, timbre, and pitch levels. For example: noises that are closer to the characters will be louder within the scene, in comparison to sounds that are further away from the characters.